401 research outputs found
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Injection and Mixture Formation in High-Performance CNG Engines
L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
A Comparison of Molecular Biology Mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens between Fresh and Terrestrial Sewage Wastewater
Municipal and industrial wastewater is often discharged into the environment without appropriate treatment, especially in developing countries. As a result, many rivers and oceans are contaminated. It is urgent to control and administer treatments to these contaminated rivers and oceans. However, most mechanisms of bacterial colonization in contaminated rivers and oceans were unknown, especially in sewage outlets. We found Shewanella putrefaciens to be the primary bacteria in the terrestrial sewage wastewater outlets around Ningbo City, China. Therefore, in this study, we applied a combination of differential proteomics, metabolomics, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques to identify bacteria intracellular metabolites. We found S. putrefaciens had 12 different proteins differentially expressed in freshwater culture than when grown in wastewater, referring to the formation of biological membranes (Omp35, OmpW), energy metabolism (SOD, deoxyribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase), fatty acid metabolism (beta-ketoacyl synthase), secondary metabolism, TCA cycle, lysine degradation (2-oxoglutarate reductase), and propionic acid metabolism (succinyl coenzyme A synthetase). The sequences of these 12 differentially expressed proteins were aligned with sequences downloaded from NCBI. There are also 27 differentially concentrated metabolites detected by NMR, including alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), amines (dimethylamine, ethanolamine), amino acids (alanine, leucine), amine compounds (bilinerurine), nucleic acid compounds (nucleosides, inosines), organic acids (formate, acetate). Formate and ethanolamine show significant difference between the two environments and are possibly involved in energy metabolism, glycerophospholipid and ether lipids metabolism to provide energy supply and material basis for engraftment in sewage. Because understanding S. putrefaciens’s biological mechanism of colonization (protein, gene express and metabolites) in terrestrial sewage outlets is so important to administering and improving contaminated river and to predicting and steering performance, we delved into the biological mechanism that sheds light on the effect of environmental conditions on metabolic pathways
Experimental and CFD Investigation of Fuel Mixing in an Optical-Access Direct-Injection NG Engine and Correlation with Test Rig Combustion and Performance Data
The present paper is the result of a cooperation between Politecnico di Torino and AVL
List Gmbh within a recent collaborative research project funded by the EC. The research work was
focused on the experimental and numerical characterization of mixture formation, combustion, and
emissions in direct-injection NG engines, to draw useful indication for the design of innovative,
high-performance engine concepts. As a matter of fact, direct-injection IC engines running on NG
are believed to be a competitive transition solution towards a sustainable mobility scenario, given
their maturity, technological readiness, and flexibility with respect to the fuel quality. Moreover,
gaseous-fuel engines can further decrease their carbon footprint if blending of natural gas with
hydrogen is considered. Provided that mixture formation represents a key aspect for the design of
direct-injection engines, the activity presented in this paper is focused on the characterization of
NG injection and on the mixing process, as well as the impact these latter hold on the combustion
process as well as on engine-out emissions. The mixture formation process was analyzed by means
of combined CFD and optical investigations. Furthermore, a full version of the engine was tested
on a dynamic test rig, providing quantitative information on the engine performance and emission
characteristics. The CFD results highlighted the correlation between the mixture homogeneity and
the combustion stability and hinted at a relevant impact of the jet characteristics on the air charge
tumble and turbulence characteristics
Combined 3D-QSAR and Docking Modelling Study on Indolocarbazole Series Compounds as Tie-2 Inhibitors
Tie-2, a kind of endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptor, is required for embryonic blood vessel development and tumor angiogenesis. Several compounds that showed potent activity toward this attractive anticancer drug target in the assay have been reported. In order to investigate the structure-activity correlation of indolocarbazole series compounds and modify them to improve their selectivity and activity, 3D-QSAR models were built using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods and molecular docking was used to check the results. Based on the common sketch align, two good QSAR models with high predictabilities (CoMFA model: q2 = 0.823, r2 = 0.979; CoMSIA model: q2 = 0.804, r2 = 0.967) were obtained and the contour maps obtained from both models were applied to identify the influence on the biological activity. Molecular docking was then used to confirm the results. Combined with the molecular docking results, the detail binding mode between the ligands and Tie-2 was elucidated, which enabled us to interpret the structure-activity relationship. These satisf actory results not only offered help to comprehend the action mechanism of indolocarbazole series compounds, but also provide new information for the design of new potent inhibitors
Trajectory-Based Spatiotemporal Entity Linking
Trajectory-based spatiotemporal entity linking is to match the same moving
object in different datasets based on their movement traces. It is a
fundamental step to support spatiotemporal data integration and analysis. In
this paper, we study the problem of spatiotemporal entity linking using
effective and concise signatures extracted from their trajectories. This
linking problem is formalized as a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) query on the
signatures. Four representation strategies (sequential, temporal, spatial, and
spatiotemporal) and two quantitative criteria (commonality and unicity) are
investigated for signature construction. A simple yet effective dimension
reduction strategy is developed together with a novel indexing structure called
the WR-tree to speed up the search. A number of optimization methods are
proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness of the linking. Our extensive
experiments on real-world datasets verify the superiority of our approach over
the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 15 table
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